波斯早期犹大政策重探

The Early Achaemenid Policy on Judahites Reconsidered

传统的学术研究往往认为,居鲁士圆柱铭文和希伯莱《圣经》的有关记载可以相互印证,具有历史真实性;两者反映出居鲁士大帝鼓励被掳的犹大人回归故土,并全力支持他们重建圣殿。本文重新分析了铭文文本,指出它和犹大人回归并无直接关系。在此基础上解读《圣经》记载的波斯诏令,本文认为它们缺乏历史真实性,进而结合历史背景,提出波斯帝国早期(公元前539年到前5世纪中期)并未明确鼓励和支持犹大人的回归和重建圣殿。波斯所要求的只是犹大的政治稳定与缴纳赋税,其有限的宽容完全建立在自身利益诉求的基础上。

Traditionally,the text of Cyrus Cylinder and relevant biblical texts were considered the mutual testimony of a historical event that Cyrus the Great encouraged the exiled Judahites return home and rebuild the temple.This article will re-analyze the Cylinder text to trace out that the text did not directly relate to the return of Judahites.While,re-reading Achaemenid edicts in the Bible,these edicts will be proved to be not real,either.The history of early Achaemenid Dynasty indicated that its policy on Judahites was mainly aimed at political stability and tax collection rather than encouragement and support of the return and rebuilding the temple,and the limited tolerance to Yehud was served for the empire's own interest,which deeply affected the history of Yehud during the Achaemenid Period.