天津市居民健康素养现况研究

Current Circumstances of Health Literacy among the Residents in Tianjin

目的解天津市居民健康素养水平,为政府公共卫生决策提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取天津市2009名常住人口进行问卷调查,问卷采用中国健康教育中心统一设计的《2009中国公民健康素养调查问卷》,内容包括健康理念和基本知识、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能等。正确回答80%及以上健康素养调查内容的调查对象视为具备健康素养。结果天津市居民具备健康素养的比例是35.84%;具备健康理念和基本知识素养、健康生活方式与行为素养、健康技能素养的比例分别是64.61%、39.77%和40.37%;具备科学健康观、安全与急救素养、传染病预防素养、基本医疗素养、慢性病预防素养的比例分别是68.74%、67.75%、56.30%、46.04%、36.98%。影响居民健康素养的主要因素是城乡差别、文化程度和年龄。结论天津市居民健康素养水平较低,尤其是慢性病预防素养和农村居民的健康素养工作亟待加强。

Objective To investigate the status of health literacy among the residents in Tianjin, and provide the evidence for developing effective public health policies. Methods By multistage stratified cluster and random sampling, 2009 residents were selected to complete the face-to-face survey. Health literacy questionnaire for Chinese citizen in 2009 was designed by National Centers of Health Education. Results The proportion of the residents with health literacy was 35.84%. The proportion of the residents with basic knowledge and health concepts, healthy lifestyle and behavior, health literacy skills was 64.61%, 39.77% and 40.37%, respectively. The proportion of the residents with scientific view of health, safety and first aid, communicable disease prevention, basic medical literacy, chronic disease prevention was 68.74%, 67.75%, 56.30%, 46.04% and 36.98%, respectively. The difference in the urban and rural areas, level of education and age were the main influencial factors for the health literacy of the residents. Conclusion It is necessary to enhance the popularization of health literacy among the residents in Tianjin, especially on chronic disease prevention and rural health education.