云南富源县阿依村肺癌的流行病学特征及环境致癌因素研究

A STUDY ON EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENIC FACTORS OF LUNG CANCER IN AYI VILLAGE FUYUAN COUNTY, YUNNAN

本文对富源县阿依村特定人群肺癌的流行病学特征及环境致癌因素进行调查研究。研究了该村1986～1996年肺癌调整死亡率的水平，变化趋势、死亡专率及性别比值。该村肺癌死亡率高、波动性大。男性肺癌调整死亡率高于宣威肺癌高发区1．9倍，女性肺癌调整死亡率接近宣威肺癌高发区的水平，男女合计肺癌调整死亡率高于我国重庆、上海、沈阳、大连、南京、天津、广州等工业城市9．7～12．0倍。男性高于女性2．4倍。死亡高峰年龄男女性均始于30～岁年龄组。以居民群体为暴露单位，采集了该村火塘燃烧室、地炉燃烧室、室外空气中颗粒物及有害气体样品，检测其TSP、IP、BaP、SO2浓度，结果显示上述4项污染物的浓度均是火塘燃烧室高于地炉燃烧室而室外最低。γ辐射火塘燃烧室显著高于地炉燃烧室。IP提取物的致突变活性，火塘燃烧室高于地炉燃烧室高于室外。对该村居民改炉改灶降低室内空气中污染物的浓度及致突变活性的效果进行了评定。

This paper presented the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in specific population and environmentalcarcinogenic factors in ayi village, Fuyuan county. We analyzed the adjusted death rate, trends in the changes specific death rateand sex ratio of lung cancer in this village during 1986-1996. In this village, the death rate of lung cancer was high and fluctuatedgreatly. The adjusted death rate of lung cancer in male was 1.9 times higher than that in the high prevalent area of lung cancer,Xuanwei county. But in women, it was close to that in Xuanwei. The total adjusted death rate of lung cancer was 9.7-12.0 timeshigher than that in some industrial cities such as Chongqing, Shanghai, Shengyang, Dailian, Nanjing, Tianjin, Guangzhou. Thisrate in male was 2. 4 times higher than that in female. In male and female, the peak age of death started at 30 years group. Wetook the whole residents as exposure unit and collected the particles in the air and harmful air samples from the stove-withoutchimney room, the stove-with-chimney room and the outside to test the density of TSP, IP, BaP, SO2. The result showed thatthe density of all the four pollutants was the highest in the stove-without-chimney room, then in the stove-with-chimney room.the lowest in the outside. Furthermore, the density of these substances in γ-radiation stove-without-chimney room was significantly higher than that in the stove-with-chimney room. The mutagenicity of abstract from IP in the stove-with-out-chimney roomwas also higher than that in the stove-with-chimney room, and than that in the out-side. Besides, we evaluated the effectivenessof improving the stove to decrease the density of pollutants in the air and their mutagenicity.