“诉讼诈骗”定性研究——以我国民事诉讼法为视角

On the criminalization of actionable fraud: From the perspective of the Law of Civil Action

对诉讼诈骗的定性不应仅局限于刑法个罪之间的界分,而应将其置防于我国民事诉讼法制度中。我国民事诉讼制度中,法院具有查证案件事实、审核证据的责任,而民诉法没有规定当事人有如实提供陈述的义务。因此,我国缺少诉讼诈骗构成犯罪的制度基础。诉讼诈骗中,当事人的主张通过证据予以表达,法院依据诉讼证据规则而不是当事人的主张定案,法院并没有被骗。诉讼诈骗构成犯罪,将与我国民事诉讼法、刑法的相关规定冲突,而且还可能引发重大道德风险。

Criminalization of actionable fraud should not be defined as distinguish the actual crime,and it should be put in the system of China’s civil action.In the system of China’s civil action,courting has the obligation of checking case facts and evidence,and the party does not have the obligation of real statement.So,there is no system base of actionable fraud in China’s law system.In the actionable fraud,party’s claim is embodied by evidence,and the court is not defrauded because court makes a trail by evidence rules.If actionable fraud is criminalized in China’s law system,it will conflict with the relative regulations of the law of Civil Action and Criminal Law,furthermore it will bring about serious moral crisis.