宋代贡士庄考论

Study on GONG SHI ZHUANG of Song Dynasty

贡士庄是宋代专门为科举考生而筹资设立的教育经费组织。宋代贡士庄具有明显的教育公益基金属性,主要分布于江西、浙江、江苏、湖南、湖北、福建、广东、四川一带。贡士庄的资产来源主要有官府财政拨款设立、官员改拨教育田产或废寺田产设立以及官员、士绅捐资设立三种类型。贡士庄的管理则有儒学管理、官衙管理、士绅管理的形式。资料记载表明,宋代贡士庄有较为明确的管理章程。元代初年,由于科举制度的废除,宋代贡士庄多被政府籍没或改作书院田产。

GONG SHI ZHUANG is an organization of educational fund,which is funded for imperial examinations candidates of Song Dynasty.GONG SHI ZHUANG of Song Dynasty has an obvious attributes as an educational commonweal fund,which is mainly distributed in Jiangxi,Zhejiang,Jiangsu,Hunan,Hubei,Fujian,Guangdong and Sichuang.There are three main sources of GONG SHI ZHUANG＇s assets： the government finance,fund of educational and abolished temple＇s homestead,contribution of officials and gentry.The administration models of GONG SHI ZHUANG are as follows： by the school,by the government and by the gentry.Many materials indicate that there was a set of explicit administrative rules.Because of the abolition of the imperial examination system in the early years of Yuan Dynasty,most GONHG SHI ZHUANG of Song Dynasty were confiscated by the government or changed as college＇s homestead.