上古语类文献的生成方式及其文化意义

On the Formation of Language Documents of Far Ancient times and Their Cultural Significance

语类文献是上古时期一种载录"善言"的文体,它们因产生于不同的历史时期而致使其生成方式存在差异。最初的语类文献大都源于仪式,但周初经过周公制礼作乐之后,导致宗教仪式蕴涵更多的理性因素,《尚书》是其典型。周代政治实践特别重视道德理性,盛行规谏风尚,于是出现政典型语类文献《国语》。春秋时期的学术发生重大的变化,一方面私学盛行,导致教学型语类文献《论语》的出现;一方面私人撰述风气流行,于是产生著述型语类文献《老子》。

Language documents of far ancient times are used to record fine words, and they belong to different styles. Due to different historical periods, their formation is different, too. The earliest language document is originated from rites. In the early Zhou Dynasty,religious rites contained much rational factors, thus appeared The Book of History. In the Zhou Dynasty, morality and logos w.ere given tremendous attention and expostulation was available, so came out the language document of political style,Guoyu. During the Spring and Autumn Period （770 B. C-476B. C） ,great changes took place in the academic field. On the one hand, private teaching was popular, leading to the appearance of language document of teaching type, The Analects of Confucius;on the other hand, private composition was in fashion,4heading to the birth of language document of compositional style,Lao Tzu.