人为干扰对秦岭火地塘林区景观格局的影响

Dynamics of Landscape Pattern at Huoditang Forest Region

以秦岭火地塘林区1958年、1988年和2004年森林资源二类调查资料为主要数据源,利用景观结构分析软件,分析比较该林区3个时期景观格局变化情况,探讨人为干扰对林区景观格局的影响。研究结果表明:火地塘林区高强度的外界干扰,增加了该地区的景观多样性和丰富度;干扰形成的次生森林景观比原生森林景观类型数增多,同时引起部分景观类型的消长变化;森林采伐后林区景观分维数降低,斑块形状变得规则,但随着植被的恢复,各景观类型的斑块形状逐渐复杂,景观的异质性增加。火地塘林区景观格局的变化充分反映了外界干扰对森林景观格局的影响,以及森林自主恢复的动态过程。

Using the data of forest resources inventory at Huoditang forest region in the Qinling Mountains in 1958,1988 and 2004,GIS techniques and quantitative analysis of landscape were adopted to study the landscape types,feature,dynamic of patterns and the influence of human interferences on the landscape patterns during the three periods.The results showed that the landscape biodiversity and species richness increased by intensified external interferences and the types of secondary landscape were more than those of primary ones.The landscape types degenerated or disappeared after serious artificial disturbances,while the extents of some landscape types increased or appeared.Forest cutting made the patch fractal index decreasing and the patch shape becoming regular.But with the forest vegetation restoration at Huoditang forest region,the patch shape of various landscapes became irregular,and landscape heterogeneity started to increase.This reflects the influence of external interference to the forest landscape pattern and the dynamic process of forest independent recovery.