今天的城市性

Urbanity Today

城市性的一个重要前提是充满生机的功能混合,首先是街道和广场的使用。世界各地追随着现代建筑协会的目标,然而其城市设计和规划的结果让人不忍目睹。因此,欧洲城市自20世纪70年代开始重新从它们丰富的历史中反思。历史街区的修复和谨慎的城市更新再度被提上日程。功能混合再次成为一个重要的发展目标。自20世纪80年代,全球化和信息时代的到来作为新的危机出现,分析家预测城市公共空间的衰退是信息和交流由现实空间被转移到虚拟的网络空间所致。但同时城市社会发生了翻天覆地的变化:房屋正变得越来越小;城市居民中近三分之二居住的公寓只有1或2个人:单身或是丁克;传统雇佣单位中,雇员已经工作了数十年的团队集合被解散。越来越多的人从事短期工作或成为自由职业者。但是每个个体都需要真实的物质接触。互联网不能取代人们的联系。因此,酒吧、餐馆、事件和公共空间为提供个人交流就显得愈发重要。欧洲城市的公共城市空间舞台上的个人表现创造出比以往任何时候都熙攘的街道和广场。

One important prerequisite of urbanity was the vital mix of functions,above all regarding the use of streets and squares.The results of urban design and planning following the targets of CIAM all over the world were very poor.Thus European cities began in the 1970s to learn again from their rich history.Restoration of historical quarters and cautious urban renewal appeared on the agenda.Functional mix became an important target,too. Since the 1980s new threats emerged：globalisation and the transition to the age of information.Analysts predicted a declining of public space in the city due to the fact that information and communication will be transferred from real space into virtual space of the internet.But parallel to this a radical change of the urban society happens. House are becoming smaller and smaller.Nearly 2/3 of city inhabitants are 1 or 2 person per apartment only： singles and dinkies.Traditional integration in teams at the place of employment,where employees worked for decades in the past,is in dissolution.More and more people are working in short period jobs or as freelancers. Families and households are shrinking to dinkies（double income no kids） or even singles. But individuals need real physical contacts.The internet cannot substitute human relations.Thus bars,restaurants, events and public space become more important to offer personal contacts.The personal performance on the stage in the public city space of European cities creates more crowded streets and squares than ever before.