第三代城市饮用水净化工艺及超滤的零污染通量

The third generation of urban drinking water treatment process and zero-membrane fouling flux of ultrafiltration

论述了超滤技术作为第三代净水工艺的核心技术在城市净水厂大规模应用的必要性和历史必然性,并针对不同的原水水质特点,提出了具有不同适用性的超滤组合工艺。基于净水厂运行的角度,强调了"零污染通量"的运行模式,当膜在"零污染通量"下工作时,则无需或很少需要化学清洗,这将显著简化大型膜系统的运行,工程实用性增强。通过加强膜前预处理、加强物理清洗、改善膜材料、降低膜价格(从而降低工程上可接受的膜通量)等"零污染技术",有望将"零污染通量"提升至工程值,为超滤技术的研发与应用提出了一个新的思路。

The necessity and historical inevitability of the application of ultrafiltration （UF） in the third generation of drinking water treatment process as the key technology is discussed. According to the different raw water qualities, the combined UF processes with different applicability are also proposed. From the viewpoint of practical operation of water treatment plants, the operation mode of ＂zero-membrane fouling flux＂ for UF is considered to be of great significance. When the membrane is run under ＂zero-membrane fouling flux＂, there would be few or even no need for chemical cleaning, which would substantially simplify the operation of large scale membrane system and thus enhance the engineering practicability. By employing the ＂zero-membrane fouling＂ technologies, such as strengthening pretreatment of UF, optimizing physical cleaning, improving membrane materials, and decreasing membrane costs （so the acceptable membrane flux for practical applications would be decreased, correspondingly）, it is expectable to increase the ＂zero-membrane fouling flux＂ to the engineering value. This might bring forward a new way for the research and development of UF technology in water treatment.