30年:国有企业改革思想的变迁

Evolution of the Thought Guiding SOE Reform in the Past Thirty Years

30年来,国有企业改革思想不断变迁。改革的第一阶段,要求是扩大国有企业自主经营权。改革的第二阶段,是学习农村承包制经验,推行企业承包制。在确定了市场经济体制改革目标之后,改革的第三阶段是全面的股份制改革。目前,改革存在的主要问题是混淆国有企业与公营企业的区别。国有企业是社会主义公有制企业,非社会主义国家不存在国有企业,只有公营企业。用公营企业充当国有企业,混淆公营与公有,以取消国有企业的存在,这对于中国坚持社会主义是最严峻的现实问题。明确区分国有企业与公营企业,并明确地将目前处于非竞争性领域的国有企业制度演化为规范的具有国家一般性质要求的公营企业,才能坚持中国特色社会主义的国有企业改革和建设现代规范的市场经济。

The thought guiding the SOE reform during the past thirty years has changed constantly. The Fast phase of reform grants SOEs more decision-making power. The second phase implements contracting-out system by following the similar practice in the rural area. After setting up the target for the reform of market economy, the third phase of reform is the all- around joint-stock reform. At present, the major problem in the reform is the confusion of SOE and public enterprise. SOEs are the enterprises of public ownership in socialist countries. Non-socialist countries have no SOEs but public enterprises. The replacement of SOEs by public enterprises and the confusion of public ownership and state ownership is the major challenge for China to stick to socialism. Only by clearly distinguishing state-owned and public-owned enterprises, and by transforming the state-owned enterprises in areas without competition into public-owned enterprises with general state features, can we adhere to the SOE reform with Chinese characteristics and construct modern market economy.