汶川地震铁路工程震害特征及工程抗震设计对策思考

CHARACTERISTICS OF RAILWAY DAMAGE DUE TO WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE AND COUNTERMEASURE CONSIDERATIONS OF ENGINEERING SEISMIC DESIGN

简要介绍"5.12"汶川大地震及特点以及地震引起的铁路工程震害主要类型及特征,并对"生命线"工程、地震引发的次生地质灾害、地震近场效应及近场区工程设计、铁路工程抗震设计标准修订、铁路工程抗震设计关键技术研究等问题进行讨论。提出进一步开展铁路工程抗震设计研究工作的建议意见:路网规划及工程建设中应对"生命线"工程给予足够的重视;高地震烈度山区的铁路工程,必须重视基于预防和减轻地震诱发崩坍、滑坡灾害的综合选线和总体设计,绕避潜在地震诱发大型崩坍、滑坡灾害的地段,同时,避免路基高大切坡,选用有利于地震防灾减灾的工程形式通过;地震近场高烈度区或位于地震断裂带的工程,需要研究如何减轻地震灾害与如何快速修复震害的相关工程技术标准;尽快启动《铁路工程抗震设计规范》修订工作,增加地震近场区(特别是地震断裂带)工程设计标准、方法的规定,增加基于预防和减轻地震次生地质灾害的铁路综合选线和总体设计的原则等内容;建议开展基于预防次生地质灾害的高烈度地震山区铁路综合选线技术、基于地震临震预报的列车运行控制技术等高地震烈度山区铁路工程抗震设计关键技术研究。

Wenchuan Earthquake and its characteristics as well as main types and features of railway engineering damage are described in brief. Such issues as lifeline project, secondary geological hazards induced by earthquake, near-field effects of earthquake and engineering design in near-field region, revision of seismic design standards for railway engineering and research on key technology for seismic design of railway engineering are discussed. The following suggestions for further research work on railway engineering seismic design are put forward. Enough attention to lifeline project should be paid in railway network planning and engineering construction. For the railway engineering in high seismic intensity mountain area, significant attention must be devoted to integrated location of railway and overall design based on prevention and mitigation of collapse and landslide induced by earthquake, and the sections where large-scale collapse and landslide incurred by potential earthquake shall be evaded, meanwhile, the high slope cutting of subgrade shall be avoided instead of selection of engineering form in favor of earthquake disaster prevention and reduction. For the engineering located in high seismic intensity region or on seismic fault zone, the relevant engineering technical standards on how to reduce earthquake hazard and repair earthquake damage rapidly shall be studied. Revision of code for seismic design of railway engineering shall be started as soon as possible, in which the requirements of design standard and method for engineering in earthquake near-field, especially earthquake fault zone, as well as the principles of integrated location of railway and overall design based on precaution and reduction of secondary seismic geologic hazard shall be added. The research on key technology for railway engineering seismic design in high seismic intensity mountain area, such as the integrated location of railway in high seismic intensity mountain area based on prevention and reduction of secondary geologic hazard and train operation control based on pre-earthquake forecast, etc., is also recommended.