空间技术诱发的水稻变异及育种价值

SPACEIRRADIATION TECHNIQUE INDUCED\=VARIANCE IN RICE AND ITS UTILIZATION

空间技术诱变３个水稻中籼品种（系）表明，诱变当代ＳＰ１生理损伤轻，对发芽率、成苗率和育性基本无影响，但对苗高和株高影响较大，整个ＳＰ１群体表现抽穗不整齐。ＳＰ２叶色突变频率低，突变谱窄，其中遗传工程稻（ＥＲ１）未发现有叶色变异；早熟突变频率高而效应明显，同时因选用基因型的不同，ＳＰ２早熟突变的差异明显；伴随着早熟突变出现了诸如半矮秆、多蘖、粒重、粒色、叶色、叶形等其它农艺性状突变。除早熟性状外，突变性状稳定快且能真实遗传。突变体ＳＰＧＸ３表现早熟、优质、大穗、大粒且半矮秆，已直接和间接应用于早籼优质米育种。

Three singleseason indica rice vaieties (line) were treated by spaceirradiation technique. The results showed that spaceirradiation technique produced slight physiological damage on SP1 generation, and the technique had no effects on germination percentage, seedling survival rate and seed setting rate except seedling height and plant height. In SP2 generation,the frequency of leaf color mutation was very low, and the mutation spectrum was in a not wide range. The frequency of early maturing mutation was higher and was different among the genotypes treated. Meanwhile, variation in other agronomic traits, such as semidwarf, strong tillering ability larger panicle, higher one thousand weight, leaf color, leaf shape, were also induced, accumpanying with the early maturing. Except the early meturing, other traits were easy to be stablized and inherited. One mutant, SPGX3 with early maturing, good quality, larger panicle, higher one thousand weight and semiderwf has been directly or indirectly used in the improvement of early indica rice.