湖南省城镇学龄前儿童血铅水平流行病学调查

An epidemiologic survey on blood lead levels in preschool children living in towns of Hunan Province

目的调查湖南省城镇学龄前儿童血铅水平及影响因素,为儿童铅中毒的防治提供科学依据。方法 2008年9月至2009年6月整群随机抽取湖南省12个地区城镇学龄前儿童2044名,男1108名,女936名,年龄2～6岁,平均4.4±1.1岁。采用原子吸收光谱法测定末梢血血铅水平,并采用《中国部分城市儿童铅中毒防治项目调查表》进行问卷调查。Logistic回归分析血铅水平的影响因素。结果湖南省学龄前儿童平均血铅值为81.9±34.5μg/L。血铅水平≥100μg/L者482例,占23.58%。其中血铅水平100～199μg/L(高铅血症)472例,占23.09%,血铅水平≥200μg/L(铅中毒)10例,占0.49%。不同年龄组间血铅异常(血铅水平≥100μg/L)率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男童的血铅异常率为28.99%,高于女童的21.98%(P<0.01)。不同地区儿童血铅异常率差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.01)。回归分析显示,男性(OR=1.449,P<0.01)、父亲从事铅暴露职业(OR=1.314,P<0.01)及母亲常用染发剂(OR=1.678,P<0.05)为儿童血铅异常的危险因素。结论湖南省城镇学龄前儿童血铅异常率较高。该省城镇学龄前儿童血铅异常率与儿童所在地区和年龄有关。男性、父亲从事铅暴露职业及母亲常用染发剂为儿童血铅异常的危险因素。

Objective To investigate blood lead levels（BLLs）and influencing factors of BLLs among preschool children living in towns of Hunan Province.Methods A total of 2 044 preschool children（1 108 boys and 936 girls）from towns of 12 regions in Hunan Province were enrolled by a cluster sampling between September 2008 and June 2009.The average age of the children was 4.4±1.1 years（range 2 to 6 years）.BLLs were determined using the atomic Absorption spectrographic method.The influencing factors of BLLs were investigated using a standard questionnaire and logistic regression analysis.Results The mean BLLs of the children were 81.9±34.5 μg/L.BLLs more than 100 μg/L were noted in 482 children（23.58%）.Of the 482 children,472（23.09%）showed BLLs of 100-199 μg/L and 10（0.49%）showed BLLs ≥200 μg/L.There were significant differences in the prevalence of elevated BLLs（≥100 μg/L）among different age groups（P〈0.01）.The prevalence of elevated BLLs in boys（28.99%）was significantly higher than that in girls（21.98%）（P〈0.01）.There were significant differences in the prevalence of elevated BLLs in children from different regions（P〈0.01）.The logistic regression analysis showed that the male（OR=1.449,P〈0.01）,father＇s occupational lead exposure（OR=1.314,P〈0.01）and maternal frequent use of hair dyes（OR=1.678,P〈0.05）were risk factor for elevated BLLs.Conclusions The prevalence of elevated BLLs is higher in preschool children living in towns of Hunan Province and is associated with a child＇s region and age.The male,father＇s occupational lead exposure and maternal frequent use of hair dyes are risk factor for elevated BLLs.