超声造影在肾损伤血肿和活动性出血诊断中的应用

Application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of renal hematoma and active hemorrhage

目的 探讨超声造影在肾损伤血肿和活动性出血诊断中的应用价值.方法 对28例肾损伤患者分别行常规超声和超声造影检查,其中肾穿刺活检术后损伤24例,闭合性肾损伤4例,计算两种方法对肾损伤血肿及活动性出血的检出率,所有病例均经CT检查或超声随访检查证实.结果 常规超声对肾血肿的检出率为67.86%（19/28）,超声造影对肾血肿的检出率为92.86%（26/28）,高于常规超声（P＜0.05）,且造影后血肿范围更明确.常规超声难以诊断肾损伤血肿内的活动性出血,超声造影诊断26.92%（7/26）肾血肿伴活动性出血.超声造影特征为肾血肿形成时,血肿区始终无造影剂进入;肾血肿伴活动性出血时,造影剂自受损血管溢出,形成不规则的异常增强区.结论 超声造影有助于诊断肾损伤血肿,准确计算血肿范围和判断活动性出血,对发现肾穿刺活检术后合并的血肿及出血具有特殊应用价值.

Objective To explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound（CEUS） in the diagnosis of hematoma and active hemorrhage of renal trauma. Methods Totally 28 patients with renal trauma were examined by conventional ultrasound and CEUS,respectively,including 24 cases caused after renal biopsy,4closed trauma. The detectability of renal hematoma and active hemorrhage with these two methods were compared. All patients were identified by CT or follow-up studies with ultrasound. Results The detectability of renal hematoma with conventional ultrasound and CEUS were 67. 86% （19/28）, 92. 86%（26/28）, respectively. There was statistically different for detectability in the diagnosis （ P 〈0.05）, and the extent of hematoma was more obvious with CEUS. CEUS diagnosed 7 of 26 were renal hematoma with active hemorrhage,which were difficult to be detected with conventional ultrasound. For renal hematoma,the features of CEUS were no enhancement found in every phase; for renal hematoma with active hemorrhage,the contrast agents overflowed from injured blood vessels and formed irregular remarkable enhanced regions. Conclusions CEUS is useful in diagnosing hematoma and identifying the extent and active hemorrhage of renal trauma,in addition,CEUS is valuable in detecting complications after renal biopsy.