几种花卉植物对铅富集特征的研究

Enrichment Characteristics of Pb by Several Kinds of Ornamental Plants

通过水培试验,研究了Pb投加浓度为0-1 000 mg/L条件下,8种花卉植物（包括紫茉莉、紫花玉簪、鸭跖草、马蔺、石碱花、石竹、波斯菊、福禄考）的生长反应和富集特征。结果表明：供试花卉植物中,鸭跖草对Pb胁迫的耐性较强,其次为紫茉莉、紫花玉簪和马蔺,而石竹、波斯菊、福禄考和石碱花的耐性较弱,但Pb胁迫通常使植株生长受到了一定程度的抑制;紫茉莉和紫花玉簪的地上部最大Pb含量分别达到了1 320.9,1 033.2 mg/kg,满足超富集植物的临界含量标准,同时紫茉莉、紫花玉簪和鸭跖草在各个Pb处理浓度下的地上部Pb含量和富集系数均显著高于其它花卉植物;紫茉莉、紫花玉簪和鸭跖草的Pb转移系数最高值可达到0.8以上,并且在1 000mg Pb/L时的转移系数仍显著高于100 mg Pb/L时的转移系数。综合本研究结果可知,紫茉莉、紫花玉簪和鸭跖草不仅对Pb胁迫具有较强的耐性,而且具有较高的Pb富集和转移能力;考虑到紫花玉簪还具有较大的生物量,因此可作为修复Pb污染水体和土壤的首选花卉植物。

The growth response and enrichment characteristics of eight ornamental plants,including Mirabilis jalapa.,Hosta ventricosa,Commelina communis,Iris.lactea var.chinensis,Saponaria officinalis,Dianthus chinensis,Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.and Phlox drummondii Hook.,were studied under hydroponic culture with the addition of 0～1 000 mg Pb/L.Results showed that the tolerance of Commelina communis was the higher while the tolerance of Dianthus chinensis,Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.and Phlox drummondii Hook.and Saponaria officinalis were lower among the tested ornamental plants.But the plants growth was inhibited to a certain degree under Pb stress.The highest Pb contents in shoot of Mirabilis jalapa.and Hosta ventricosa were 1 320.9,1 033.2 mg/kg,respectively,which reached the critical standard of Pb hyperaccumulating plant.And the Pb content and bioaccumulation coefficient（BC） in shoot of Mirabilis jalapa.,Hosta ventricosa and Commelina communis was significantly higher than that of the else five ornamental plants.The highest translocation factor（TF） of Pb for Mirabilis jalapa.,Hosta ventricosa and Commelina communis reached above 0.8,and the TF of theirs was still higher under 1 000 mg Pb/L than under 100 mg Pb/L.In conclusion,Mirabilis jalapa.,Hosta ventricosa and Commelina communis have both stronger tolerance and higher ability of enrichment and translocation under Pb stress,and thus have large potential to restore Pb-contaminated water and soils.Due to its large biomass,Hosta ventricosa is the first choice for the three ornamental plants.