印度的环境史研究

Review on Indian Environmental Historiography

印度环境史研究是在回应环境主义运动的现实需要和历史研究探索展示庶民的细小声音的进程中诞生的。印度环境史研究在三个方面取得了突破性进展,一是提出了一套完整的理论分析框架;二是就殖民主义是印度环境史上的生态分水岭展开激烈争论,在一定程度上辨析了历史连续性和断裂性的关系;三是分析了帝国扩张性的意识形态如何被殖民者利用的历程。显然,与美国环境史注重荒野和欧洲环境史研究注重工业污染不同,印度环境史注重研究殖民主义的复杂影响,带有强烈的生态民族主义色彩。

The birth of studies on Indian environmental history resulted from the interaction of academic response to the challenge from Indian environmentalism,such as 'Chipko movement' and 'Save the Narmada Movement',and the subaltern studies in Indian historiography,which emphasized on expressing the small voice of the Subaltern.In comparison with American and European environmental history studies,Indian environmental history studies focuse on the interpretation of colonial hybridity or hybridy modernity,which are characterized with strong ecological nationalism.The main frontiers which should be expanded in Indian environmental history in near future are material or economic environmental history and urban environmental history.