基于要素供给条件变化的产业发展成本研究——以“外资代工模式”的长三角制造业为例

Research into Industrial Development Cost Under Changes in Factor Supply Conditions——A Case of Foreign Subcontracting Mode in Manufacture Industry of the Yangtze River Delta Area

近年来由于原材料价格和劳动力成本上升、能源供应紧张、人民币升值、出口退税下调、环保成本提高等因素的影响,我国产品附加值低的企业的内在劣势逐渐显现出来,产业发展成本面临上升压力。然而,比较优势具有明确的动态性。中国需要扩大国际交换,利用全球的要素和需求市场促进发展。就当前的经济发展阶段和特点而言,中国应将既有的比较优势与未来可能出现的规模经济优势有机结合起来,打造一个有现实可能性的比较优势序列,尤其要提高对外贸易产业的规模经济效益,重视技术创新和劳动者素质提高对我国生产和贸易格局调整的重要作用,有效促进比较优势的多元化和动态化发展。

In recent years,due to the influence of such factors as rising raw material prices and labor costs,critical energy supply,RMB appreciation,export tax rebate reduction,and environmental cost push,the inherent disadvantages of those enterprises with low-added value products in China are gradually appearing.The industrial development costs face upward pressure.However,comparative advantages are always dynamic.China needs to expand international exchange and make use of global factor and demand market to advance its development.On the current stage of economic development,China should combine the existing comparative advantages and future potential of scale economy to create a sequence of comparative advantages with realistic possibility.Particularly the scale economic benefits in foreign trade industry should be enhanced,and more attentions should be paid to the important roles of technological innovation and laborers’ quality in readjusting China’s production and trade structure.Only in this way could the diversity and dynamic comparative advantages be available.