美国基础教育改革:以教师分层为视角的分析

The American Basic Educational Reform:An Analysis from the Perspective of Teachers' Stratification

20世纪80年代以来,美国着手进行基础教育改革。改革的目的是提高教育质量,途径之一是通过激发教师教学积极性来提高教师教学质量。为了激发教师教学积极性,美国着手建立教师教学激励机制,把教师工资改革作为保障教师教学质量的主要外部机制,同时,把教师评价作为主要内部机制。改革的最直接结果是教师收入阶层化,相应的是教师专业能力分层化。但分层结构清晰地展示了教师发展的阶梯,构成教师发展的目标导向,教师发展呈现有序化和合理化的倾向。

Since the 1980s,America has set about the basic education reform in order to improve the educational quality by inciting the teacher＇s activeness and improving the teaching quality. In order to incite the teacher＇s activeness ,America plans to set up the teaching inspiring system by reforming the teacher＇s salary system as the outside insurance and renewing the standard of evaluation as the inside insurance. The direct result of the reforming is that both the teacher＇s income and the teacher＇s specialty show the feature of stratifcadon. But the frame of the stratification unfolds the teacher＇s growing steps and the aims,at the same time, the teacher＇s growing becomes ordering and rational.