玉米、小麦和木薯对草鱼幼鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella juveniles)生长性能的影响

Effects of Corn,Wheat and Cassava on Growth of Ctenopharyngodon idella Juveniles

研究了玉米、小麦和木薯对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella juveniles)幼鱼生长性能的影响。试验共有15%、30%和30%水平无油(不加豆油)的玉米和小麦、15%、20%水平的木薯等8种日粮,每种日粮投喂三个重复,每个重复25尾草鱼[初重(4.62±0.35)g],养殖期共76 d。结果显示:①相同用量的玉米组与小麦组在特定生长率和饲料效率方面均无显著差异(P>0.05);15%水平木薯组特定生长率显著低于玉米组(P<0.05),在15%添加水平下,木薯组与玉米组、小麦组相比,饲料效率显著低(P<0.05),血糖含量显著高(P<0.05)。②30%水平与15%水平相比,玉米组和小麦组的特定生长率分别下降3.57%和3.64%,脂肪沉积率分别提高30.83%和13.54%,肝糖元质量分数分别提高173.97%和117.42%,差异均显著(P<0.05)。20%木薯与15%木薯相比,特定生长率提高1.85%,差异不显著(P>0.05);饲料系数下降7.89%,蛋白质效率提高7.23%,差异显著(P<0.05);脂肪沉积率提高37.62%,肝糖元提高了96.18%,差异显著(P<0.05)。③30%水平无油组与正常30%水平相比,玉米组和小麦组的特定生长率分别下降4.17%和1.89%,玉米组差异显著(P<0.05);饲料系数分别提高12.68%和4.73%,蛋白质效率分别下降12.62%和5.11%,蛋白质沉积率分别下降13.04%和7.08%,玉米组饲料系数、蛋白质效率和蛋白沉积率差异显著(P<0.05);肝糖元分别下降16.87%和23.87%,差异显著(P<0.05)。试验结果表明:①玉米与小麦养殖效果差异不显著,可添加到饲料中;②饲料中玉米和小麦的添加量应低于30%,木薯添加量为20%不影响生长;③玉米和小麦对脂肪具有节约作用,但不能替代脂肪的添加。

The effects of dietary corn,wheat and cassava on growth performance of Ctenopharyngodon idella juveniles were studied.There were eight diets separately containing 15% corn,30% corn,30% corn（lack of soybean oil）,15% wheat,30% wheat,30% wheat（lack of soybean oil）,15% cassava,and 20% cassava.Each diet was fed to triplicate groups with 25 fish each replicate;the fish had initial weight of（4.62±0.35）g and bred for 76d.Results：（1）There is no significant difference in specific growth rate,feed efficiency between corn and wheat at the identical level;fish fed 15% cassava diet has significantly（P0.05,the same hereafter） worse specific growth rate compared with those fed 15% corn,and fish fed 15% cassava has significantly lower feed efficiency and higher blood sugar compared with those fed 15% corn or wheat.（2）Compared with 15% level,specific growth rate of 30% corn or wheat significantly decreases by 3.57% and 3.64%,respectively;lipid deposit rate significantly increases by 30.83% and 13.54%,respectively;glycogen significantly increases by 173.97% and 117.42%,respectively.Compared with 15% cassava,specific growth rate of 20% cassava increases by 1.85%,feed conversion ratio significantly decreases by 7.89%,protein efficiency ratio,lipid deposit rate and glycogen significantly increases by 7.23%,37.62% and 96.18%,respectively.（3） Compared with 30% normal groups,the specific growth rate of 30% corn or wheat（lack of soybean oil） group significantly decreases by 4.17% and 1.89% respectively,feed conversion ratio increases by 12.68% and 4.73% respectively,protein efficiency ratio decreases by 12.62% and 5.11%,protein deposit rate decreases by 13.04% and 7.08% respectively,and glycogen significantly decreases by 16.87% and 23.87% respectively.These results indicate that：（1）There is no significant difference in growth performance between corn and wheat.（2）The level of corn and wheat should be lower than 30%,while cassava level can be higher than 20%.（3）Corn and wheat can spare some lipid,however,they cannot substitute lipid.