不同水、氮处理对济麦20产量和蛋白质品质的影响

EFFECTS OF WATER AND NITROGEN TREATMENT ON YIELD AND PROTEIN QUALITY IN STRONG GlUTEN WHEAT JIMAI20

以强筋小麦济麦20为材料,在防雨棚肥水控制池条件下,研究了不同灌水和施氮处理对小麦产量和蛋白质品质的影响。结果表明,开花期灌水有利于抑制小麦生育后期旗叶叶绿素的降解,提高叶片含氮量,延长旗叶功能期;开花期灌水和灌浆期灌水有利于小麦产量和千粒重的提高,以春季灌3水(春5叶露尖+开花+灌浆)最高;在180kg.N/hm2条件下,籽粒产量及千粒重、容重和穗粒数均高于270kg.N/hm2的处理,对穗粒数的影响达显著水平。籽粒蛋白质及各组分的含量,除球蛋白外,均以B3处理(灌春2叶露尖水和春5叶露尖水)最高;增施氮肥有利于谷蛋白含量的提高。籽粒蛋白质产量以B4处理(春5叶露尖水+开花水+灌浆水)最高,与B2处理(春5叶露尖水+开花水)差异不显著;180kg.N/hm2处理的蛋白质产量高于270kg.N/hm2处理。在本试验条件下,180kg/hm2的施氮量处理结合春5叶露尖灌水和开花期灌水有利于强筋小麦产量和品质的共同提高。

The effects of water and nitrogen on yield and protein quality of strong gluten wheat Jimai 20 were studied in the experiment.The results showed that the water treatment at flowering could suppress chlorophyll’s degrading,keep the N content of flag at high level,and prolong the functional stage of flag leaf.Irrigating at flowering and filling stages were propitious to improve grain yield and 1000-grain weight,and irrigating 3 times（jointing,flowering and filling） in spring were the highest.Grain yield,1000-grain weight,test weight and the number of grains per spike were higher under the treatment of 180kg.N /hm2 than 270kg.N /hm2,especially significantly with the number of grains per spike.The grain protein content and its components,excepted globulin,were the highest in B3 treatment（irrigating at emergence of 2ed spring-leaf and emergence of 5th spring-leaf） and improving N applied was the propitious to increase glutenin content.Grain protein yield was the highest in B4 treatment（irrigating at emergence of 5th spring-leaf,flowering and grain filling）,but no significant difference was shown in the B2 treatment（irrigating at emergence of 5th spring-leaf and flowering）.The protein content was higher under the conditions of 180kg.N /hm2 treatment than 270kg.N /hm2 treatment.Under the experiment conditions,applied 180kg /hm2 N combination with irrigating at emergence of 5th spring-leaf and flowering could improve both the grain yield and quality.