动物核酸疫苗的研究现状及发展前景

Animal Nucleic Acid Vaccine Research Status and Prospects for Development

核酸疫苗是近年来备受人们关注的一种新型疫苗。核酸疫苗以其特有的可诱导机体产生全面的免疫应答,对不同亚型的病原体具有交叉防御作用,以及安全、可靠、生产方便等优点被称之为"疫苗的第三次革命"。核酸疫苗由编码能引起保护性免疫反应的病原体抗原的基因片段和载体构建而成,包括DNA疫苗和RNA疫苗,目前研究较多的是DNA疫苗。DNA疫苗是指含有编码抗原基因的真核表达质粒DNA,经直接接种体内后,可被体细胞摄取,并转录、翻译、表达出相应的抗原,然后通过不同途径刺激机体产生针对此种抗原的应答。作者简单介绍了动物核酸疫苗的特点、免疫机制、免疫影响因素及在畜禽传染病中的应用,此外还分析了核酸疫苗的发展前景等问题,从而为核酸疫苗的发展提供了新思路和新途径。

Nucleic acid vaccine in recent years is the concern of a new vaccine. Nucleic acid vaccines with its unique can induce organic produce a comprehensive immune response of the different type of pathogens overlapping defense and security, reliability and production facilities and other advantages is known as ＂vaccine 3rd revolution＂. Nucleic acid vaccines were built by the code of protective immune response of pathogens antigen gene segments of the carrier and the vaccines including DNA vaccine and RNA vaccine research more than DNA vaccines. DNA vaccine is contained in the code antigen gene expression really nuclear DNA tablets of the body directly vaccination, may be somatic cell intake, and reproduced, expressed their corresponding translation, the antigen, and then through different means of stimulating organisms in such antigens of the answer. This gave a briefing on the animal nucleic acid vaccine characteristics, immunization, immunization factors as well as in the livestock and poultry communicable diseases in the application of the analysis of nucleic acid vaccine development prospects, thus the nucleic acid vaccines for the development of new ideas and new ways.