北京市城乡40岁以上限定人群视网膜血管异常的患病率

The prevalence of retinal microvascular abnormalities and association factors in elderly population in rural and urban Beijing

目的描述北京市城乡限定人群视网膜血管异常(RMA)患病率及其分布特征。设计横断面研究。研究对象"北京眼病研究"城乡40岁以上居民4439人。方法对每位受检者进行问卷调查和全面眼科检查,其中包括散瞳后彩色眼底照相检查。随机选每位受检者一眼进行眼底照片中视网膜血管异常的评价。局限性视网膜血管异常(局限性视网膜动脉缩窄、动静脉交叉压迫征和视网膜病变)采用定性方法评价;弥漫性视网膜动脉缩窄采用计算机辅助的定量方法评价。计算以上各种视网膜血管异常的患病率,并分析其分布特征。主要指标视网膜血管异常的患病率。结果局限性视网膜动脉缩窄、动静脉交叉压迫征和视网膜病变的患病率分别为7.5%、7.2%和7.5%,三者均随年龄的增加而逐渐增加(P<0.001);男性的视网膜血管异常患病率(24.4%)明显比女性(17.6%)高(P<0.001)。各种局限性视网膜血管异常和弥漫性视网膜动脉缩窄的患病率在农村人群均明显高于城市人群(P均<0.001)。结论北京市限定地区城乡40岁以上人群中视网膜血管异常并不少见,其患病率随年龄增加逐渐增加;农村居民比城市居民患病率高。

Objective To describe the prevalence of retinal microvascular abnormalities （RMA） and their distributions in the elderly population from Beijing Eye Study. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants 4439 subjects （response rate： 83.4%） with an age of 40＋ years in Beijing Eye Study. Methods Color optic disc photographs of all subjects were morphometrically examined. One eye of each participant was randomly selected. Generalized and focal arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking （arteriovenous crossing abnormalities）, and retinopathy were qualitatively assessed. The prevalences and their distributions of all kinds of the retinal macrovascular abnormalities were calculated and analyed. Main Outcome Measures Prevalences of all kinds of the retinal macrovascular abnormalities. Results The prevalence of focal arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, and retinopathy was 7.5%, 7.2%, and 7.5%, respectively. Frequencies of all retinal microvascular abnormalities examined increased with age （P〈0.001）. The microvascular abnormalities were detected more frequently in males （24.4%） than in females （17.6%）, in the rural population than in the urban population （P〈0.001）. Conclusion Retinal vascular abnormalities are common in elderly Chinese aged 40 or more. The prevalence of them increases with age and are more frequently found in people living in rural areas.