除内袋时间及摘叶对红富士苹果果实品质的影响

Effects of debagging time and picking off leaf on fruit quality of "Red Fuji" apple.

研究了红富士苹果除内袋时间、摘叶时间和摘叶数量对冠层光照条件、果实品质及一年生枝条贮藏营养的影响.结果表明:除内袋时间适当提前可明显提高单果质量、果皮花青苷含量和果实着色面积(P<0.05),与9月30日(果实采前18 d)除内袋处理相比,9月24日(果实采前24 d)除内袋处理的单果质量、果皮着色面积和花青苷含量分别提高了10.98%、28.15%和13.44%,但除内袋时间对果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的影响差异不显著.当分别摘除果实周围15、30和45 cm以内的叶片后,果实周围的光照环境得到了明显的改善,3种摘叶处理均极显著提高了果实周围的相对光照强度(P<0.01),比摘叶前分别增加了70%、95%和115%;摘除果实周围30～45 cm以内的叶片有利于果皮着色和花青苷的积累;不同摘叶处理对枝条贮藏营养和第二年的萌芽率无显著影响.表明提前摘除内袋,并摘除离果实30～45 cm距离以内的叶片对果实外观及品质有明显促进作用.

This paper studied the effects of debagging time and picking off leaves around fruits on the fruit quality and 1-year old shoots stored nutrition of ＂Red Fuji＂ apple.Properly advancing debagging time significantly increased the mean mass,anthocyanin content,and coloration area of the fruits（P0.05）.Comparing with those of the fruits debagged on September 30,the mean mass,anthocyanin content,and coloration area of the fruits debagged on September 24 increased by 10.98%,28.15%,and 13.44%,respectively,and the fruit firmness,soluble solid content,and titratable acidity had less differences.When the leaves within 15,30,and 45 cm away from the fruits were wholly picked off,the light environment around the fruits improved significantly（P0.01）,with the light intensity increased by 70%,95%,and 115%,respectively,compared with no leaf picked off treatment.Picking off the leaves within 30-45 cm away from the fruits benefited the fruit coloration and anthocyanin accumulation.No significant effects were observed on the 1-year old shoots stored nutrition and their budding in next year among the treatments of picking off leaves.Advancing debagging time and picking off the leaves within 30-45 cm away from the fruits could improve fruit appearance and quality.