铁路货运调度员应对应激策略以及对职业应激的影响

Coping strategy and its effect on occupational stress among rail freight dispatchers

目的 调查某铁路货运编组站调度员应对职业应激策略,探讨其对职业应激的影响.方法 使用整群抽样方法对某铁路货运编组站115名调度员进行调查,使用问卷调查应对应激策略、职业应激因素、职业应激反应和个性特征等.结果 铁路货运调度员使用应对策略的比例较低.应对策略使用不足组工作前景未知性、A型行为和内控性评分高于应对策略使用充分组,而组织忠诚度评分低于应对策略使用充分组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;应对策略的社会支持、工作与家庭关系、工作投入等因子使用不足组部分职业应激因素、应激反应和人格特征变量评分与使用充分组比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.任务策略、逻辑性和时间管理组间相关因素评分的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.Logistic分析结果表明,社会支持应对策略不足者发生工作不满意感和每日紧张感的风险是社会支持应对策略充分者的3或4倍（OR值分别为3.06,4.38）.工作投入应对策略不足者发生每日紧张感的风险是工作投入应对策略充分者的3倍（OR值为3.26）.结论 铁路货运调度员使用应对策略的比例较低,不同应对策略个体对职业应激因素的感知、应激反应和个性特征均存在着影响.

Objective To analyze the relationship between coping strategy and occupational stress in rail freight dispatchers. Methods 115 rail freight dispatchers were investigated by using group sampling method. The investigation included coping strategies, occupational stressors, strains and personalities. Results The proportion of using coping strategy in rail freight dispatchers was lower. The scores of job future ambiguity, type A behavior and work locus of control in workers with insufficient coping strategy were higher than those in workers with sufficient strategy （P〈0.05 or P〈0.0 1 ）, but the score of organization commitment score in workers with insufficient coping strategy was lower than those in workers with sufficient strategy（P〈0.05）, the differences of scores of some occupational stressor, strain and personality variables between workers with insufficient and those with sufficient in social support, job-family balance, job involvement coping factors of coping strategy were remarkable significant （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01 ）. the differences of scores of occupational stressor, strain and personality variables between workers with insufficient and those with sufficient in ask, logic and time management factors of coping strategy were not significant （P〉0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that risk of being job dissatisfaction and daily life stress in workers with insufficient social support coping was three or four times than those with sufficient coping（OR=3.06 or 4.38, respectively）, risk of being daily life stress in workers with insufficient job involvement coping was three times than those with sufficient coping（OR=3.26）. Conclusion The proportion of using coping strategy in rail freight dispatchers is lower. Coping strategy has influence on the individual＇s perception of occupational stressors, strains and personalities.