电铲铲齿的失效及材质选择

Failure and Material Selection of Shovel Teeth

阐述了电铲铲齿的失效方式及失效机理,介绍了常用的铲齿材料及性能特点。由于电铲铲齿或挖掘机斗齿在工作时承受较大的冲击载荷,因此高锰钢系列材质还是铲齿的首选材料,而具有韧性和硬度较佳配合的低合金钢铲齿或贝氏体钢铲齿将是今后铲齿材质发展的一个主要方向。合金白口铸铁由于韧性较差严重限制了其作为铲齿材料,但可以利用其高硬度的特点制备复合铲齿,如堆焊、镶铸等。

The failure manner and mechanism are expounded, and the materials and their properties which are used in dipper tooth are introduced. The Hardfield steel is selected first as the dipper tooth material because the dipper tooth will bear larger impact load when they work. The low alloy steel and bainite steel dipper tooth which has the bigger combination of hardness and toughness will be developed in dipper tooth. Alloying white cast iron will be limited in dipper tooth because of its brittleness, but it can be use to prepare composite dipper tooth.