三种方法检测新生儿轮状病毒感染的效果比较

Comparison of three methods in detection of rotavirus infection in neonates

目的比较三种方法检测新生儿轮状病毒（ＲＶ）感染的效果。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）、电镜（ＥＭ）法，对２５２份新生儿腹泻标本、正常新生儿粪便以及４月龄内小儿腹泻粪便标本，同时检测轮状病毒。结果用ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＰＡＧＥ法检测５例新生儿腹泻患儿标本，ＥＬＩＳＡ法检出阳性标本４份，而ＰＡＧＥ检出则全部为阴性；其中１例出生１日新生儿粪便标本ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测强阳性，但ＥＭ未检出轮状病毒；用ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＰＡＧＥ两种方法同时检测出生１０日内无腹泻的新生儿粪便标本１１９例，ＥＬＩＳＡ法检出ＲＶ的阳性率为５４６％，而ＰＡＧＥ法检测ＲＶＲＮＡ则为阴性；检测１２８例４个月龄内小儿腹泻粪便标本，ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＰＡＧＥ的一致率为８１２％，且有随患儿年龄增加，两者结果不一致率下降的现象；对５５份４个月龄内小儿腹泻患儿粪便标本用ＥＬＩＳＡ、ＰＡＧＥ、ＥＭ３种方法进行比较检测，结果ＥＬＩＳＡ检出阳性标本１５例（２７３％），ＰＡＧＥ检出阳性标本２１例（３８２％），ＥＭ检出阳性标本１１例（２００％）。三者一致率为６３６％。结论ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＰＡＧＥ法检测新生儿粪便中轮状病毒，结果有明显差异。ＥＬ?

Objective To compare three methods in detection of rotavirus infection in neonates. Methods 252 fecal samples from neonates with acute gastroenteritis, healthy neonates and under 4monthold babies with diarrhoea were detected with ELISA, PAGE and EM. Results Using ELISA and PAGE to check 5 fecal samples from neonates with diarrhoea, the positive number of ELISA was 4 and the PAGE was all negative. One fecal sample from neonate of one month old with diarrhoea detected with ELISA was strong positive and result with EM was negative. By checking 119 fecal samples from normal neonates of less than ten days old, the positive rate of ELISA was 54.6% and results of PAGE were all RNA negative. 128 fecal samples from less than 4monthold babies with diarrhoea showed coincident detection rate of ELISA and PAGE (81.2%), but which was going up with increasing of their ages. We also checked 55 fecal samples from less than 4monthold babies with diarrhoea by ELISA, PAGE, EM and the positive rates were 27.3%,38.2% and 20% respectively, the coincident rate of the three was 63.6% and the differentiation rate 36.4%. Conclusion The differentiation rate between ELISA and PAGE was obvious, as in the elisa there showed a sirong positive and in PAGE the weak. The diffesence went down with increasing of the ages of the babies with diarrhoea. This indicated that the false positive rate of ELISA existed.PAGE is more reliable and objective and is the better method to check neonate diarrhoea.