第四纪地质图件和生态与环境图系的编制及展望

PROSPECTS IN MAPPING OF QUATERNARY GEOLOGY,ECOLOGY, AND ENVIRONMENT

近20年来，随着全球水资源、地质灾害、土壤利用及沙漠化等问题的日益严重，国内外不少部门和专家相应地编制了第四纪地质图件和生态与环境系列图件，提高了第四纪研究的水平，也为国土整治提供了科学依据。本篇主要通过这些图件来分析当前第四纪地质图和生态与环境系列图编制的动态和问题。为了进一步满足人类对环境的需求，提出今后编制此类小比例尺图件时要进一步加大信息量；编制大比例尺图件时要治理目标明确；希望急需改进编图方法、缩短编图周期、改进编图软件等。

Internal or external departments and experts compiled relevant Quaremary geological maps and series of ecological environment maps in recent two decades in pace with the increasingly serious problems such as global resouces, hazard geology,soil utilization, and desenification. These sorts of maps provide scientific evidence for land control. Some questions and ideas about compiling maps belonging to the same category are put forward in thes paper according to analyse the internal or external status of compiling Quaternary map and series of ecological environment maps.1 Internal and external development in compiling Quaternary geological maps and series of ecological environment map in recent two decades It was started relatively early in Amarica, Canada. Austrilia, German, Britosh, and Belgium to compile Quaternary geological map and series of ecological environment maps. The maps of landslope, soil ultilization and improvement have been compiled since early 1970's. The relevant maps of scabed loose deposits, hydrogeology,engineering geology,and ecological geology have been compiled along with proceeding of the DSDP and IGBP.These kinds of maps had been compiled untli 1980's in China. Small scale basical maps of Chinese Quaternary paleogeography were compiled in Institute of Geology, CAGS and Wuhan Geology college in 1985. Quaternarygeological maps and series of ecological environment maps with different scales and geological contents have been compiled in China since 1990's. These maps include Quaternary geological map and series of ecological environment map of China and its contiguous sea areas compiled in Instllte of Hydrology and institute of Tianjin Institute of Geology. The series of environment maps consisting of eleven aspects such as landslope, debris flow, soil desertification, karst breakdown, hazard caused by groundwater, soil erosion, geological natural preserve, and tourist geology et al. have Been compiled in Academy of Hydrogeological Investigation of Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources. Distribution of surficial water resource and map of soil erosion and conservetion were compiled in Ministry of Hydrology and karst hydrogeologic map in Institute of Karat Geology, CAGS. These maps illustrate the current internal and external status and development of compling maps.2 Prospects of compiling Quaternary geological map and series of ecological environment mapsMapping is one of ways for researchers to express their achievements. They are often improved in pace with the development of national economy and improvement of reseacher's knowledge, hence we have some ideaes about compiling these kinds of maps in future, and hope that the series of environment map can be useful for land control.(1) Increasing the information quantity in big or small scale maps, and fortifing research of comprehension and regularity,(2) Compiling relative big scale maps, strengthening the compilation of specialized maps which are aimed at ecological environment and increasing effectiovefunction,(3) Increasing the technique, improving the methods and curtailing the cycle of compiling maps.