中国妇女孕产期保健服务利用地区差异分析

Analysis on regional differences of services utilization of maternal health care in China

目的:了解我国妇女孕产期保健服务利用状况的地区差异。方法:以2008年中国卫生服务调查研究资料为基础,用差异指数和地理分布图比较分析地区差异。结果:产前检查、孕早期检查、住院分娩和产后访视4项指标中,城市妇女的住院分娩率最高(95.10%),产后访视率最低(61.00%);农村妇女的住院分娩率最高(87.10%),产前检查率最低(41.10%)。按照地理区域划分,产前检查率较高的是东北(59.50%)和华东(55.20%),最低的是西南(41.10%);孕早期检查率最高的是东北(80.30%),较低的是中南(62.30%)和西南(51.10%);住院分娩率较高的是东北(98.70%)和华东(95.70%),较低的是西北(85.00%)和西南(66.10%)。城乡居民的产前检查率分布不均衡性较大(0.12),其它3项指标显示城乡间差异均较小。产前检查率、孕早期检查率和住院分娩率在西南地区差异最大,差异指数分别为0.27、0.19和0.16;最小的都是东北地区,分别为0.15、0.05和0.01。结论:我国妇女孕产期保健服务利用存在较为明显的地域及城乡不均衡性。

Objective:To understand the regional differences of services utilization of maternal health care in China.Methods:The difference index and distribution map were used to compare and analyze regional differences based on data from China 2008 National Health Services Survey.Results:Among 4 indexes of prenatal examination,examination at early pregnancy,hospital delivery and postpartum visit,the hospital delivery rate of urban women was the highest (95.10%),the postpartum visit rate of urban women was the lowest (61.00%),the hospital delivery rate of rural women was 87.10%,the prenatal examination rate of rural women was 41.10%;according to different regions,the prenatal examination rates from high to low were Northeast China (59.50%),East China (55.20%) and Southwest China (41.10%),respectively;the examination rates at early pregnancy from high to low were Northeast China (80.30%),Central South China (62.30%) and Southwest China (51.10%),respectively;the hospital delivery rates from high to low were Northeast China (98.70%),East China (95.70%),Northwest China (85.00%) and Southwest China (66.10%),respectively;the difference of prenatal examination rate between urban areas and rural areas was large (0.12),the differences of the other three indexes between urban areas and rural areas was small;the differences of prenatal examination rate,examination rate at early pregnancy and hospital delivery rate between urban areas and rural areas in Southwest China were the largest,the difference indexes were 0.27,0.19 and 0.16,respectively;the differences of prenatal examination rate,examination rate at early pregnancy and hospital delivery rate between urban areas and rural areas in Northeast China were the smallest,the difference indexes were 0.15,0.05 and 0.01,respectively.Conclusion:Obvious differences between different regions exist in services utilization of maternal health care in China.