贯众孢子壁的结构和发育的研究

Study on the structure and development of sporoderm of Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm. (Dryopteridaceae)

利用光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对鳞毛蕨科（Dryopteridaceae）贯众（Cyrtomium fortuneiJ.Sm.）孢壁的形成和发育进行了研究,结果表明：贯众成熟孢子两侧对称,单裂缝,表面具耳状褶皱纹饰,孢子外壁由外壁内层和外壁外层构成,表面光滑;周壁可分为周壁内层和周壁外层两部分,周壁内层薄,周壁外层是由绒毡层残余物在周壁内层表面疏松沉积的同时逐渐隆起形成的,隆起进而形成了孢子的耳状褶皱纹饰.探讨了孢壁各层的形成和发育规律,为孢粉学和蕨类植物系统演化研究提供基础资料.

The formation and development of sporoderm of the fern Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm.（Dryopteridaceae）are studied by means of light microcope（LM）,scanning electron microscope（SEM）and transmission electron microscope（TEM）.The results as follow：the mature spores of Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm.are bilateral and monolete and auriculate folds ornamentation.Exospore is composed of two layers,i.e.the outer layer and inner layer of exospore,and its surface is smooth.The perispore can be distinguished into two layers,i.e.an outer perispore layer and an inner perispore layer.The inner perispore is very thin,the outer perispore is formed by the tapetal residues,which deposit on the outside of the inner perispore and the upheaval of the outer perispore.The auriculate folds and superficial ornamentation of spores are formed by the upheaval of the outer perispore.The formation and development of the sporoderm are discussed.It could provide basic information for the palynology and phylogeny.