石津灌区储水灌溉条件下土壤水分动态及灌水适宜阈值研究

Soil Water Dynamic and Range of Irrigation Amount with Storage Irrigation in Shijin Irrigation District

从土壤水分能态角度,研究储水灌溉条件下土壤水分的动态变化及空间分布,探求适宜储水灌溉定额阈值范围。研究结果表明,灌水定额大于200 mm时,2 m以下土层出现水分深层渗漏,灌水定额300、2502、00 mm时,深层渗漏量分别达到587.63、236.32、152.05 m3/hm2;灌水定额75～150 mm,2 m以下土层无水分渗漏。因此,储水灌溉灌水定额阈值范围控制在750～1 500 m3/hm2,可以把灌溉水储存于深层土体内,以供作物生长期使用;储水灌溉模式在石津灌区可有效解决灌区来水与灌溉用水的错位矛盾,满足作物正常生长对水分的需求。

In recent years,along with water demand of urban and industry greatly increasing,as well as incoordination between rainfall of wet and low flow year and crop water demand,especially north reservoir irrigation area,leads to contradiction between water supply and demand increasingly,Facing more and more serious situation,how to enhance irrigation water use efficiency has been a urgent matter.In this paper,field storage irrigation experiment was conducted in Shijin irrigation district,by means of soil water potential and water transport model,research soil water dynamics and spatial distribution with storage irrigation,discuss range of suitable irrigation amount.The result indicated that range of irrigation amount was conducted from 750 to 1 500 m3/hm2,irrigation water was stored deeper soil layer,long-term using by crop,storage irrigation is effectively irrigation method,can extend and application in similar irrigation area.Under exiting operation and management system Shijin irrigation district,storage irrigation pattern effectively resolved disorder of supply and required water,meeting water of crop normal growth.