第二次世界大战对苏联人口状况的影响

The Impact of the Second World War on the Population Situation of the Soviet Union

第二次世界大战期间为了赢得战争胜利,苏联付出了惨重的人口代价。战争对苏联人口状况产生了深刻的影响,不仅加重了战前已存在的人口危机程度,而且对居民的身体健康状况、结婚率和家庭规模造成了更深程度的破坏。战后流行病大规模爆发,出生率下降、死亡率上升,性别比例、年龄结构严重失衡,人口数量大幅减少,并持续数十年,为20世纪90年代初俄罗斯爆发的人口危机埋下了隐患。

In order to win the war, the Soviet Union paid a heavy population toll during the Second World War, which exerted a profound impact on the population situations, not only increasing the population crisis that had existed before the war, but also causing more damages to the health status, marriage rate and family scale. After the war, the country witnessed large - scale out- breaks of epidemic diseases, declining birth rate, increasing mortality, serious imbalance of sex ratio and age structure, and dramatic dwindling of population. These situations lasted for decades and planted a hidden danger of population crisis, which erup- ted in the early 1990s in Russia.