机遇管理与企业竞争优势

Enterprise Opportunity Management and Competition Advantages

本文从企业成长过程中所面临的问题出发,运用机遇管理理论分析了企业辨识、评价、利用和营造机遇的运行机制,阐释了企业发展过程中机遇管理的重要性和必然性。从经济学的视角来看,企业的竞争优势来源于经济租金,经济租金可以分为基于低成本和差异化的张伯伦租金、基于资源和能力的李嘉图租金、基于知识和创新的熊彼特租金。本文分析了企业机遇管理在企业获取经济租金、建立竞争优势中的作用,分析了机遇管理与低成本和差异化、资源和能力、知识和创新之间的关系。本文认为,机遇管理有利于获得与维持企业租金:企业通过机遇管理有助于实现低成本和差异化,获取张伯伦租金;有助于企业获得稀缺资源,提高能力,获取李嘉图租金;有助于企业积累知识,促进创新,获取熊彼特租金。本文从经济学的角度分析了企业竞争优势的来源,论证了企业租金的来源正是企业竞争优势的来源,探索了企业通过机遇管理建立竞争优势的新方法、新途径。

Facing the problems during the process of enterprise＇s growth, this paper analyzes the operational mechanism of opportunity management form the aspect of identifying, evaluating, creating and utilizing opportunities. It explains the importance and necessity of the opportunity management during the process of enterprise＇s growth. According to the theory of economics, economic rents include the Chamberlain rents which is based on total cost advantage and differentiation, the Ricardian rents which is based on the resource and competence, the Schumpeterian rents which is based on the knowledge and innovation. This article discusses the relations separately between the opportunity management and total cost advantage and the differentiation, the resources and abilities, the knowledge and innovation. It thinks that the opportunity management is favor of obtaining and maintaining the economic rents, thus establishes the competitive advantages. The paper analyzes the resource of enterprise competition advantages from the angle of the economics. It demonstrates that the competitive advantages of enterprise come from economic rents, and discovers the new method and new path to obtain and establish the competitive advantages through the opportunity management.