创业研究视角及主要变量:综述与展望

Entrepreneurship Research:Theoretical Perspective and Main Constructs

创业是一个多维度现象,跨越了多个学科边界,每一学科以自己独特的方式审视创业,得出各自的观点与结论。在综述文献的基础上,文章认为创业现象是个体、机会、资源三者的联结。机会的识别与利用、资源的获取与组合是创业现象的两个本质过程。既具内在特质又嵌入于社会结构中的创业者是这两个过程得以实现的驱动者。文章围绕个体、机会和资源综述了引用率较高的创业研究文献,尝试勾勒创业研究的轮廓,并揭示出主要的研究变量。

Entrepreneurship is a muhifaceted phenomenon that cuts across many disciplinary boundaries. Each discipline has its unique way of viewing entrepreneurship and reaching its own points and results. We hold that entrepreneurship phenomenon is the nexus of entrepreneur, opportunities and resources. The two fundamental processes of entrepreneurship are discovery and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities and acquisition and combination of necessary resources. Entrepreneur is the agent to realize the two processes. Entrepreneur not only has his or her own characteristics as individual but also is embedded in social structures. We review past entrepreneurship research within the dimensions of individual, opportunity and resources. The purpose of this review is to delineate the skeleton of entrepreneurship research and reveal the main constructs in each research perspective.