鱼类肌肉组织发生和分化相关基因的研究进展

Progresses and Perspectives of the Studies on Fish muscle-related Genes and Their Expression

鱼类骨骼肌由两种分布位置不同的肌纤维组成,一种是位于皮下浅层的慢收缩红肌纤维,另一种是构成躯体绝大部分的快收缩白肌纤维.肌肉组织中含有多种不同类型的蛋白质如具有收缩功能的结构蛋白,可溶性的肌肉蛋白及肌肉特异性的转录因子等,这些所有的肌源蛋白的产生都经过了复杂的肌肉发生与分化过程.基于相关研究近况,分析了多种转录因子的正、负向调控对肌肉分化发育的影响,同时讨论了研究此调控过程的理论价值及未来应用意义.

Fish skeletal muscles are consisted of two spatially separated fibers,white,fast-twitch muscle make up the bulk of the fish’s body whereas red,slow-twitch fibers are found in a narrow mid-lateral band just under the skin.A lot of proteins are specifically expressed in muscle tissues and they mainly include structure and contractile proteins（e.g.myosin,actins,troponin） as well as soluble muscle proteins and muscle-specific regulating factors.All of these proteins are encoded by specific genes,or some of proteins are expressed by a same gene through alternative splicing.A brief overview of the effect of regulatory genes related to fish muscle differentiation and development,as well as their relationship between gene expression and regulation,is provided.The significance and potential application of the studies on fish muscle genomics are also discussed.