“上”、“下”动词性组合搭配的认知优选机制

An Optimality-based Mechanism for Governing V-phrases with shang/xia(上/下)

有关"上"、"下"动词性用法不对称性,现有研究缺乏系统性。文章在对"上"、"下"动词性义项进行认知范畴描述和共性、差异性分析的基础上,以优选论为框架构建"上"、"下"动词性组合的优选评估机制,指出"上/下+宾语"结构中后续名词对"上/下"动词性义项的选择及其分别与这两个动词的搭配能力,由"上/下"所有动词性义项科学排列而成的制约条件等级序列决定。该优选评估机制通过系统解释"上/下"共性、个性义项在与后续名词搭配中的活跃度规律,比以往研究更深入全面地揭示了"上"、"下"动词性组合的搭配规律,并挖掘了"上"、"下"用法的各类不对称现象的深层驱动因素。

Previous studies on the asymmetry of shang＇s and xia＇s usage as verbs are not systematic and consistent.The paper intends to identify the mechanism for governing V-phrases with shang/xia within the framework of Optimality theory after describing and comparing the respective prototypical categories involving various verbal usages of shang and xia.It is proposed that the influence of the noun in a ＂shang/xia＋Noun＂ construction on the meaning of shang/xia and the noun＇s capability to collocate with shang/xia can be described systematically by employing the hierarchical sequence of constraints.The hierarchy-dominated mechanism can successfully explain and predict the vitality of each symmetrical or asymmetrical verbal usage of shang/xia with a specific noun,thus deepens the understanding of these V-phrases.