试论汉字的理据

On Motivations of Chinese Characters

记录汉语的书写符号系统,形体构造与它所记录的词在意义上具有一定对应关系,古人由此总结出六书理论。凡是符合六书造字原则创制的文字为理性造字。以理性造字产生的汉字形体具有构字理据。汉字变异破坏构字理据,但其变异轨迹、动因和内部机制可以解释。凡形体变异能解释,可称变异理据。有的讹变形体经过改造,获得新的构形解释,可称理据重构。

The form of Chinese characters corresponds with its meaning to some extent. These principles were categorized into six character principles. Characters created in accordance with the principles are rational and have motivation. Variants deviated from the principles can be explained from their trails,motivations and inner mechanism,while form variation is taken as variation motivation. Some reconstructed variants can be explained in new forming principle,which constitutes motivation reconstruction.