文统、道统与政统——康雍乾时期的儒理治世政策与风雅诗学的复兴和变异

Literary Traditions,Confucian Orthodoxy and Political Traditions——The Connection between the Kingcraft of Confucianism and the Resurrection and Variation of Confucian Poetics System in the Time of Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong

清代前中期儒家诗学体系之重建,是明清之际儒学复兴运动的组成部分,是汉族文人自发的文化反思的结果,而康雍乾时期的文化政策使儒家诗学体系的重建与政教联系到了一起。文人对道统坚守中的人格独立追求,与政统之间产生了难以调和的矛盾,反映到文学中就是诗教与政教之间的矛盾。文人一方面充满为儒学元典引发的大济天下的理想主义精神,一方面又面临着安身立命的困境,这种矛盾彷徨反映到文学中,变风、变雅由此而生,儒家诗学之复兴由此而终结。

The reconstruction of Confucian poetics system during the pro-mid phase of Qing Dynasty was the component of the resurrection of Confucian during the time of Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty,and it resulted from the spontaneous self-reflec-tion of culture of the scholars of Han.The series of cultural policies in the time of Kangxi and Yongzheng and Qianlong related the reconstruction of Confucian poetics system to state teaching.The contradiction between the pursuit of independent personality sticking to Confucian Orthodoxy and legitimism was embodied in the conflict of Confucian teaching of poetry with the state teaching.The scholars were full of idealism aroused by original Confucian scriptures,and they were faced with the predicament of settling down and getting on with their pursuit.The puzzle and hesitation were reflected in literature,so Bian Feng and BianYa came into being.