转形问题百年数学论证与理性思考经济现象——在解读马克思命题基础上推进经济学研究

On the Century-Old Mathematical Proof of Marxist Transformation Theory and a Rational Insight into Economic Phenomena——Pushing Forward Economic Studies on the Basis of Interpreting Marxist Propositions

西方学者用数学论证转形问题已达百年。像萨缪尔森、斯蒂德曼等,目的是将马克思命题证伪。本文将以往的转形模型分为两个体系,即投入产出关联体系和单一生产过程体系,用实例分别指出,这些转形模型有的偏离了马克思命题内涵,有的没有完整表达马克思命题内涵,而出于证伪目的的转形模型其本身已被证伪。本文根据马克思的本意,提出一个新的转形方程。它不同于以往任何一个转形模型,特点是将资本流动和价值转形结合在一起。反映出在资本流动中平均利润率形成,价值转化为生产价格。转形问题是个基本经济现象,它是在资本流动这个基本经济现象中发生的。本文转形方程是把马克思命题的基本情况如实反映出来,这是论证命题的必要前提。

The Marxist transformation problem has been approached from mathematical perspectives for about 100 years by Western scholars such as Paul Samuelson and Ian Steedman with a view to disproving Marxist propositions. The paper divides previous transformation models into two systems, one being the system of input-output correlation and the other the system of single production process. By way of substantial examples, the paper reveals that some of these transformation models have deviated from the essential connotations of Marxist propositions while others have failed to represent in full such essential connotations hereinbefore, as a result of which the transformation models aimed at disproving Marxist propositions turned out to be disproved themselves in the first place. In light of the original intention of Marx, the paper proposes a new transformation equation, which, different from any previous ones, is characterized by a combination between capital flow and value transformation. It is reflected that the average profit margin is formed during the course of capital flows, and at the same time, the conversion of value into production prices takes place. As a basic economic phenomenon, the transformation problem occurs during the course of capital flows. Therefore the transformation equation put forward in the paper hopes to reflect, with impartial truth, the basic circumstances of Marxist propositions, which is also the essential prerequisite for the demonstration of such propositions.