对“乌托邦”和“集体性”的诉求——巴赫金狂欢理论中的空间想象

Appealing for Utopia and Collectivity——The Spatial Imaginations in M.M. Bakhtin’s Carnival Theory

该文通过比较巴赫金狂欢理论和其他理论家论述中不同的广场意识,阐释巴赫金眼中的狂欢广场独特的空间品质,及其背后隐含的深层意味。该文还认为,这些对城市广场的刻意变形并不影响狂欢理论的现实有效性。巴赫金将广场从城市中剥离出来,赋予它乌托邦性质,从而实现广场的革命想象。此外,巴赫金还排斥了封闭的房间,强调了广场的开放性和置身其中的人的集体性。广场、乌托邦、集体相互印证,在巴赫金眼里,狂欢节的空间形式包含了人的生存根本。

Comparing the differences between the square consciousness in M.M. Bakhtin’s carnival theory and that in other theoretical expositions, this paper is aimed at interpreting the distinctive spatial qualities of the carnival square in Bakhtin’s eye, and revealing the deep connotative implications hidden inside. The paper also holds that the varied perceptions of the city square among scholars do not affect the realistic validity of the carnival square. Bakhtin separates the public square from the city and bestows on it utopian qualities, thus casting a revolutionary imagination on the square. Besides, Bakhtin also shows his aversion to closed rooms and instead attaches importance to the openness of the square and the collectivity of the self. Through the corroboration of the square, utopia and collectivity, the carnival space, in the eyes of Bakhtin, comprises the fundamentality of the sustenance of human beings.