近15年来新疆耕地开垦时空特征分析

The temporal-spatial characteristics of land reclamation in Xinjiang in recent 15a

以1990-2000年、2000-2005的新疆土地利用动态图及遥感影像为数据源,采用GIS空间分析及遥感影像人工解译,提取新疆近15年的耕地开垦数据,并从现状、发展动态等方面对耕地开垦的时空格局和开发结构进行分析。结果表明:耕地开垦面积急剧增加,由绿洲向沙地、戈壁地区扩展;耕地开垦主要来源为草地、林地和未利用地,对草地的开发由低覆盖度草地转向高、中覆盖度草地;未利用地开垦的年均变化率最大,空间上由阿克苏、天山北麓山前平原、吐鲁番盆地转向全疆全面开发,由开发裸土地和盐碱地为主转向沙地、戈壁、盐碱地为主。耕地开垦在空间上由零星、分散转向连续、集中。除新疆中部和西南部少数区域,新疆大部分地区对林、草地的年均开垦速度有减缓趋势;中部和东南部地区对水域的开发速度有减缓趋势。

With the data of cultivated land of Xinjiang during 1990s and the early 5a of 21th century extracted from the land use map and remote sensing images by means of spatial analysis and manual interpretation,we analyzed its temporal-spatial patterns and reclamation structures from present condition and development dynamics. The results showed that expanding from oasis to sandy land and gobi desert,cultivated land area increased sharply and was reclaimed mainly from grassland,woodland and non-utilized land; reclamation of grassland turned from the low to moderate and high coverage grasslands; non-utilized land was reclaimed the most annually; the reclamation transformed from naked land and saline-alkali in main to sandy land and gobi desert. As a whole,the reclamation was not sporadic nor dispersive but continuous and centralized,and annual average reclamation of woodland and grassland decreased in most regions except for the central and southwestern regions of Xinjiang; annual average reclamation of water decreased in central and southeastern regions.