基于生态圈层结构的绿洲生态安全问题研究——以新疆为例

Ecology security problem based on oasis eco-circle level structure——taking Xingjiang as an example

干旱区生态圈层结构是在特定气候条件下水资源有效分配形成的,是生态系统稳定性和生态服务健康性的客观表达。荒漠化背景决定了各圈层类型发育的唯水(径流)性,水资源时空分布及其转化的竞争性决定了圈层结构的脆弱性,社会经济、生态环境耗水的满足程度及景观格局变化决定了圈层结构的生态安全状态。以流域水资源利用率不超过70%和生态耗水率不低于50%为标准,结合圈层结构变化所带来的生态问题分析,得出:干旱区内陆河流域生态系统组成、结构、功能存在重大缺陷,人类活动改变了水资源分配的有效性,生态耗水出现长期亏损,导致圈层结构完整性的基础-天然绿洲及过渡带趋于退化,生态安全问题难以有效遏制,已给干旱区生态经济发展带来了现实和潜在的威胁。

The ecological circle level structure in arid area has formed through the effective assignment of water resources in the specific climatic conditions; it is the objective expression of the eco-system stability and ecology service healthy. The desert background has decided its only water （runoff） dependence of various type growth,the competition of the space-time distribution and transformation of the water resources has decided the circle level structure vulnerability,the satisfied degree of water consumption between social economy system and eco-system and the landscape pattern change has decided the ecological security state of the circle level structure. Standard as the water resources use ratio lower than 70% and the ecological water consumption rate upper than 50% In inland basin,related the ecological problem analysis because of the change of the circle level structural,it May draw the conclusion：the composition,structure,function of inland basin ecosystem exists significant flaw,the humanity activity has changed the affectivity of water resource distribution,the ecological water consumption appears loss for a long time,it causes the complete foundation of the circle level structure-the natural oasis and the intermediate belt tend to decline. The ecological security problem can not contain effectively. It has brought realistic and the latent threat for the arid ecological economy development.