土地利用变化与城市空气环境效应的关系

Relationship Between Land Use Change and Its Urban Air Environmental Impacts

大规模的城市用地开发导致对各种自然过程和生态过程的改变,产生了复杂的生态环境后果。该文以成都市为例,基于遥感与GIS技术,提取、分析城市土地利用变化信息;选择影响成都市空气环境质量NO2和总悬浮微粒物浓度等指标的采样点数据,通过空间分析、叠加城市土地利用图层,对获取土地利用的城市空气环境效应进行了研究。结果表明:1992-2008年研究区土地利用时空变化显著,土地利用变化以耕地的大幅度减少和建设用地和林地显著增加为主要特征;土地利用对城市空气环境产生显著影响,林地对NO2各浓度变化影响明显,各浓度所占的土地利用面积为最大;城镇用地对总悬浮微粒物的最高一级浓度影响显著,所占土地利用面积最大;NO2和总悬浮微粒物浓度的空间分布由研究区的青白江区-新都区-中心城区等区域一线向两侧依次降低,与城镇用地、工矿与交通用地的空间分布基本一致。因此,这一研究结果对改善城市空气环境质量、促进城市可持续发展和制定科学应对决策具有积极意义。

Large-scale development of urban land use has led to change of a variety of natural processes and ecological processes,resulting in complex eco-environmental consequences.The change information of urban land use was extracted and analyzed based on RS（remote sensing）and GIS.The data on environmental impacts of urban land use were extracted and analyzed by overlaying layers of urban land use and the chroma resulted in sampling point data of nitrogen dioxide and total suspended particulate matter concerning to the air quality of the environment in Chengdu based on GIS spatial analysis method.The result showed that the main feature of land use change was a substantial reduction of arable land and construction of land and woodland increased significantly within the study area from 1992to 2008.The temporal-spatial change was notable in study period.Impact of land use on urban air environment was significant,nitrogen dioxide chroma change resulted from woodland was obvious,the area occupied by different nitrogen dioxide chroma was the largest.The impact on the highest class chroma of total suspended particulate matter from the urban land use was notable and its area was maximum.The result also showed that the spatial chroma distribution of nitrogen dioxide and total suspended particulate matter in study area from Qingbaijiang district-Xindu district-downtown to both sides following reduction.The spatial distribution of urban land use and mining and transportation land use are basically the same spatial chroma distribution.Therefore,the results of this study provide a scientific basis for improvement air environment quality,the urban sustainable development and a scientific response for decisions from the municipal governments.