高产陆地棉百棉1号产量性状的主基因+多基因遗传分析

Major Gene Plus Polygene Inheritance Analysis for Yield Traits of High Yield Variety Baimian 1 in Upland Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

利用高产陆地棉百棉1号为核心亲本分别构建了2个组合的P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2群体,应用主基因+多基因遗传模型,研究了陆地棉产量性状的遗传规律。结果表明,2个组合除籽棉产量的最适模型均为D-4(1对负向完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型)外,其他性状最适模型不同,衣分和单株铃数的主基因数目2个组合相同。各产量性状在2个组合中的主基因+多基因遗传方式不尽一致,其中,皮棉产量以主基因遗传为主或以主基因、多基因遗传并重;籽棉产量和籽指以多基因遗传为主或以主基因、多基因遗传并重;衣分、单株铃数、铃重和衣指均以多基因遗传为主;单株生殖量均以主基因遗传为主。2个组合主基因遗传率均为皮棉产量最高,籽棉产量次之,其他性状大小顺序变化差异不大;各产量性状的多基因遗传率在2个组合中的大小顺序变化差异较大。

The major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model was used to analyze the genetics of yield traits with six generations P1,P2,F1,B1,B2 and F2 of two crosses constructed using one core parent,high yield variety Baimian 1 in upland cotton（Gossypium hirsutum L.）.The results indicated： besides the optimum model of seed yield was D-4（one major gene with negative complete dominance effects plus polygene with additive-dominance effects model） in two crosses,the optimum models of other traits were different,and the number of major genes of lint percentage and bolls/plant were the same in two crosses.Inheritance mode of major gene plus polygene of each yield trait was not identical in two crosses,in which lint yield was mainly controlled by major gene or major-muiti gene altogether;seed yield and seed index were mainly controlled by polygene or major gene-polygene altogether;lint percentage,bolls per plant,boll weight and lint index were mainly controlled by polygene;Reproduction per plant was mainly controlled by major genes.In two crosses,the major gene hereditability of lint yield was highest,secondly by seed yield,and tendency variability differences of other traits were less;whereas polygenes hereditability of all yield traits had comparatively unstable tendency than major gene heritability.