大豆RN不育胞质不育与恢复类型的研究

Classification of Male-sterile Lines with RN Sterile Cytoplasm and Their Restorers

阐述了以RN不育细胞质为基础选育的细胞质雄性不育系和恢复系的类型。在大量测交以及预备试验的基础上,选择具有代表性的9对不育系和相应的保持系以及10个恢复系,进行不育系与所有保持系之间,以及不育系与所有恢复系之间所有可能的杂交。对不育系与恢复系杂交的F1,依据花粉败育率分为3类以表示恢复度,A类:败育率0～10%,B类:败育率11%～60%,C类:败育率61%以上。再依据这3类的分布情况和恢复谱,对不育系和恢复系进行分类。结果表明:任何一个保持系均可保持所有不育系,保持不育性的遗传机制较为简单,受隐性单基因控制。不育系分为极易被恢复,易被恢复和不易被恢复3类。依据恢复谱和恢复度将恢复系分为:强恢复,恢复和弱恢复3类。极易被恢复的不育系和强恢复系是大豆杂交种选育中的珍贵育种材料。由于育性的恢复比较复杂,测交中最好同时用上述3类不同类型的不育系做测交母本。

The classification of male-sterile lines with RN sterile cytoplasm and their restorers was described in this paper.Representative genetic stocks including 9 pairs of male-sterile lines and their maintainers and 10 restorers were selected as experimental materials based on comprehensive test crosses and a preliminary experiment.All possible crosses were made between male-sterile lines and their maintainers,as well as their restorers.The F1s from crosses between male-sterile lines and their restorers could be divided into three categories of A（0～10%）,B（11%～60%）and C（≥61%） to indicate the degree of restoration according to the percentage of sterile pollen grains.Taking the distribution of A,B and C and the restoration spectrum as basic consideration the male sterile lines and the restorers were further classified.The result showed that any maintainer could maintain the sterility of all male sterile lines.The genetics of sterility maintenance seems simple： single recessive gene control.Three types of male sterile lines of very easy to be restored,easy to be restored and difficult to be restored were identified.The restorers could also be divided into three types-strong restorers,normal restorers and weak restorers.The male sterile lines that are very easy to be restored and the strong restorers are very valuable in the use of heterosis breeding.It is suggested that all three types of male sterile lines should be included as female testers in test crosses since the sterility restoration is quite complicated.