黄淮海地区优良大豆根瘤菌株的筛选与接种方式研究

Screening of Superior Soybean Rhizobial Strains and Approach to Inoculation Methods for Region of HuangHuaiHai

采用蛭石盆栽和土壤盆栽试验,从黄淮海3省11个地区的22株大豆根瘤菌中筛选与大面积种植的大豆品种阜豆9765相匹配的优良菌株,并在田间进行了根瘤菌3种接种方式的效果比较试验。以根瘤菌结瘤数量、植株干重、植株全氮量和占瘤率为指标,通过蛭石盆栽试验初筛获得与阜豆9765共生匹配效果好的根瘤菌6株;进一步的土壤盆栽复筛结果表明:菌株Bradyrhizobium japonicum 4302和Sinorhizobium fredii 4822在结瘤能力、固氮能力和竞争能力方面强于其它4株根瘤菌,说明B.japonicum 4302和S.fredii 4822具有良好应用前景。在田间进行的根瘤菌拌种、喷施和种下接种的3种接种方式小区试验中,拌种处理在大豆植株干重、植株全氮量、占瘤率和产量等方面均显著高于另2个处理和对照,说明大豆根瘤菌的拌种方式更适用于黄淮海地区大豆种植。

The superior rhizobia strains matched well with the soybean（Glycine max） cultivar Fudou 9765 were screened from 22 strains of rhizobia,which were isolated from 11 regions in 3 provinces adopting vermiculite pot and soil pot.Subsequently,three inoculation methods were compared in field experiments.By vermiculite pot experiment,6 strains were selected out according the number of nodules,dry weights and total N contents,and in the subsequent soil pot experiment the best two strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 4302 and Sinorhizobium fredii 4822 were selected by their performance of nitrogen fixing and competitive nodulation ability from the 6 strains.The field experiment about three inoculation methods of seed dressing,spraying and below the soybean seeds were conducted,and the method of seed dressing showed the best results than the other two treatments with higher plant dry-weight,total N content of plant,nodulation occupancy and seed yield.It indicated that the inoculation method of seed dressing was suitable for rhizobium application in Huanghuaihai region.