P+R策略环境效益的实证研究

Empirical Study of Emission Reduction:Benefits of Park and Ride Strategy

不少国内城市近年来开始规划和建设停车换乘（P＋R）设施,以减少拥堵和机动车排放污染。本文有别于以往P＋R研究,主要从环境效益评价角度,针对我国首个P＋R试点进行P＋R策略在减少机动车排放方面环境效益的实证分析。研究通过实地调查获取P＋R设施运行现状数据和用户出行相关数据,采用国际常用的梗概规划方法（SPM）,计算P＋R策略实施引起的HC、CO、NOX排放减少量,并用货币价值量化排放减少带来的直接经济效益（包括油耗费用节省和大气污染治理费用节省）。研究表明,P＋R策略不仅能吸引小汽车出行向公共交通转变,而且减少了机动车排放,环境效益显著。具体地,（1）该P＋R设施每年仅250个工作日的早晚高峰时段就可减少0.696吨HC、8.226吨CO、0.45吨NOX,产生的直接经济价值逾28万元;（2）P＋R策略减少了出行者5%－10%的出行时间,提高了行程时间可靠性,减少了中长距离出行者的出行成本3－5元/次。研究成果可为P＋R策略的环境效益评价提供参考和启示。

Many Chinese cities have been planning and establishing park and ride （P＋R） facilities recently to alleviate congestion and reduce emissions.This paper addresses the environmental benefits of the P＋R strategy through a case study of the first P＋R demonstration project in China.The study makes on-site questionnaires to obtain P＋R facility operation data and P＋R user travel behavioral data,and uses the skeleton planning method to estimate HC,CO,NOX emission reductions.Moreover,the study calculates the direct economic benefits of P＋R in terms of fuel consumption savings and air pollutant treatment cost savings.The results of this study shows that,P＋R strategy can not only encourage the use of public transportation instead of cars,but also reduce mobile source emissions substantially,thus achieving substantial environmental benefits.More specifically,（1） The P＋R facility can reduce 0.696 ton of HC,8.226 ton of CO,0.45 ton of NOX during peak periods annually（250 workdays）,which leads to over 280 thousand Yuan in RMB.（2） P＋R strategy reduces 50%-10% of travel time,enhances travel time reliability,and reduces travel costs for mediate and long distance commuters with 3-5 Yuan per round trip.The findings of this paper have insightful implications to planning,design,operation,and assessment of P＋R strategy.