国外野生兰科植物种群动态评估及对我国野生兰科植物保护的启迪

Assessment Methods of Dynamics for External Orchid Populations and Some Enlightenment on Orchid Conservation in China

由于受到来自生境破坏和土地利用地改变以及过度采集等方面的威胁,世界上野生兰科植物的数量正在日益减少。为了使野生兰科植物得到有效保护,应建立野生兰科植物种群动态监测点,对野生兰科植物进行长期的监测。评估野生兰科植物受威胁的程度可采用标本材料法和种群动态的研究方法。基于生活史阶段模型的种群动态研究方法,不仅能够揭示种群当前所处的状态,还能揭示对种群增长率影响最大的生活史阶段以及对该阶段产生影响的环境因素,可为制订野生兰科植物合理保护政策提供可靠的依据。

The quantity of many orchid species is declining.The main threats are for the destroying of habitats,changes of land use and undue colletion.A long-term inspection for orchid population dynamics is necessary,and some permanent plots should be built.There are two methods to assess the threat levels of orchids.One is the herbarium material assessment method which can provide an approximation of threat;the other is to use population dynamics and elasticity analysis to understand the current status of a species and determine the life history stages that will most strongly affect the growth of its population.This method can provide the most dependable basis for making decision on appropriate orchid conservation.The methods of monitoring orchid population dynamics are also presented in this paper.