β-连环蛋白和轴蛋白在食管癌中的表达及其与食管癌浸润和转移的关系

Expression of β-catenin and Axin and Correlation with Infiltration and Metastasis of Esophageal Cancer

目的通过观察β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）和轴蛋白（Axin）在食管癌组织中的表达变化,探讨其在食管癌发病中的作用及其与食管癌浸润和转移的关系。方法选择45例食管鳞状细胞癌（食管癌组）,按分化程度分为高分化、中分化、低分化各15例;同时选取15例同体食管正常黏膜作为正常对照组,检测两组β-catenin和Axin的表达情况。结果食管癌组β-catenin表达阳性率为64.4%,正常对照组为6.7%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;食管癌组中高分化、中分化、低分化者β-catenin表达阳性率分别为40.0%、60.0%、93.3%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;有、无淋巴结转移者表达阳性率分别为89.5%、46.2%,差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;有、无纤维膜浸润者表达阳性率分别为72.4%、50.0%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。食管癌组Axin表达阳性率为37.8%,正常对照组为86.7%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;食管癌组中高分化、中分化、低分化者Axin表达阳性率分别为46.7%、33.3%、33.3%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;有、无淋巴结转移者表达阳性率分别为15.8%、53.8%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;有、无纤维膜浸润者表达阳性率分别为13.8%、81.3%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。食管鳞状细胞癌中β-catenin与Axin的表达呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）。结论 Axin表达降低可能促进了β-catenin的异常蓄积,相继激活下游靶基因基质金属蛋白酶-7,通过降解细胞外基质促进肿瘤的浸润。

Objective To observe the expression changes of β-catenin and axis protein （Axin） in esophagea cancer tissue,and investigate its role in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer and correlation with infiltration and metastasis.Methods 45 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （esophageal cancer group） were divided into well differentiated,moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated,with 15 patients of each type. Then 15 cases of normal esophageal mucosa tissues were selected as normal control group. Results Positive expression rate of β-catenin protein：64.4% of esophageal cancer group and 6.7% of normal control group; the difference was statistically significant （P0.05）; 40.0% of well differentiated,60.0% of moderately differentiated,93.3% of poorly differentiated; the difference was statistically significant （P0.05）; 89.5% of tissues with lymph node metastasis,while 46.2% of tissues without lymph node metastasis,;the difference was statistically significant （P0.05）; 72.4% of tissues with fiber membrane infiltration,and 50.0% of tissues without fiber membrane infiltration; the difference was not statistically significant （P0.05）. Positive expression rate of Axin：37.8% of esophageal cancer group and 86.7% of normal control group; the difference was not statistically significant （P0.05）; 46.7% of well differentiated,33.3 % of moderately differentiated,and also 33.3% of poorly differentiated; the difference was not statistically significant （P0.05）; 15.8% of tissues with lymph node metastasis,while 53.8% of tissues without lymph node metastasis; the difference was statistically significant （P0.05）; 13.8% of tissues with fiber membrane infiltration,and 81.3% of tissues without fiber membrane infiltration; the difference was statistically significant （P0.05）. The expression of β-catenin and Axin for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma showed significant negative correlation （P 0.05）. Conclusion The low expression of Axin in esophageal carcinoma might lead to the aberrant accumulation of β-catenin and successively activate downstream target genes matrix metalloproteinase-7（MMP-7）,which accelerates infiltration of esophageal carcinoma through the degradation of extracellular matrix.