从苏州到上海:评弹与都市文化圈的变迁

From Suzhou to Shanghai:Pingtan and Change of Urban Culture Circle

自明末清初评弹形成后,逐渐成为苏州城市文化记忆符号和市民的生活方式。评弹从形成之初便向吴语地区扩散,乾隆年间形成以苏州为核心的评弹都市文化圈。在一定的历史条件下,甚至文化圈的中心也会发生空间位移。近代,评弹中心由苏州向上海转移。20世纪20年代租界的电台广播增强了评弹的传播力。30年代是评弹在上海发展的黄金时期,其文化圈甚至一度北上南京,南下宁波。1949年后,评弹艺人的组织化与政治动员相结合,使评弹文化圈进一步扩大。十年浩劫使评弹的受众产生断层,听评弹作为市民的生活方式逐渐淡化。世纪之交,评弹作为包括苏州、上海在内的江南人的文化记忆符号,在吴语移民相对集中的城市呈内生型点状发展。评弹在港台和北美广受欢迎。评弹都市文化圈与时代变迁间的互动关系,为我们考察明清以来,尤其是近现代中国文化社会史提供了一个新视角。

After Pingtan came into being in late Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty,it gradually became the cultural symbol of Suzhou and served as part of the life of Suzhou citizens. In modern China,the center for Pingtan Art showed a tendency of shifting from Suzhou to Shanghai. Pingtan even reached Nanjing and Ningbo in the 1930s. At the turn of the century,Pingtan developed among people who spoke the Wu dialect. It is also popular in Hangkong and North America. The study on the interactive relationship between urban culture circle and the change of era provides a new research perspective into modern and contemporary social history.