试述养母身份变迁及其法律地位——基于宋元明清礼、法文献记载的分析

Status Change of An Adoptive Mother and Its Legal Status——on analyzing ritual and legal literature in Song,Yuan,and Ming Dynasties

宋代以来,"养母"逐步形成为具有特定身份和法律意义的亲属称谓。宋元明清时期,养母身份既层层相因,又有发展变化,只有对不同时期文献记载进行历时和共时相结合的研究,才可能对养母身份有一个较为全面的了解。宋代以后,养母身份多以收养遗弃幼儿为主要内容,为子女利益逐渐成为古代收养制度的一项重要宗旨。养母与亲母法律地位的异同,表明在服制以外,情理也是亲属相犯量刑的标准之一。

'Adoptive Mother' gradually became a kind of appellation with specific status and legal meaning. During the Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,the difference between an adoptive mother and a natural mother showed that besides the mourning system,sense was also one of the standard in sentencing an 'Infringement among Kinship'.